Adrian Bejan, George Tsatsaronis, Michael Moran - Thermal Design and Optimization (, John Wiley & Sons).pdf - Ebook download as PDF File .pdf) or. Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd. Flag for inappropriate content THERMAL DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION Adrian Bejan Department of. Download >> Read Online >> thermal design and optimization pdf thermal design and optimization bejan pdf free download EXERGY.

Thermal design and optimization 𝗥𝗲𝗾𝘂𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗣𝗗𝗙 on ResearchGate Thermal design and optimization Incluye bibliografía e índice. Design sensitivity analysis and optimization of steady fluid-thermal systems Thermal design and optimization of fin-and-tube heat exchanger using heat. Computer-Aided Thermal System Design / Preliminaries / Process Synthesis Software / Analysis and Optimization: Flowsheeting.

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Structural optimization is indicated in Figure 1. This is known as the base-case design. Synthesis is concerned with putting together separate elements into a whole. If less than the required power would be produced. Although the goal of the concept development stage is clear. There are. Steam Users. I Return Condensate t L-Steam!. A great many design guidelines have been reported in the literature.

Bejan - Free ebook download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read. Bejan, Adrian, 1948Thermal design and optimization I Adrian Bejan,.

With this approach a flow sheet evolves in a step-by-step manner. To avoid the need to consider all possible alternatives. Each flow sheet would be described in terms of numerous equations. To reduce the chance of a fundamentally flawed design. In selecting processes and equipment. The table entries are organized under two headings: Such design guidelines are drawn from the experience of designers who have solved similar problems and recorded common features of their solutions.

Ideally a hierarchy o levels is traversed. Additional design guidelines are provided in Sections 3. Proces synthesis has an inherently combinatorial nature. The use of design guidelines does not assure the discovery of a satisfactory design.

Table 1. Each decision level should involve an economic evaluation so that later decisions rest on and are guided by the economic evaluations at earlier levels. Such selections should not introduce glaring design errors: Engineers have traditionally approached such daunting design problems using experience.

The number of possible flow sheets for such a system might be considerable: For complex systems the number of flow sheets might be of the order of lo6. For systems of practical interest this combinatorial aspect soon becomes challenging.

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Within the system the streams may interact in various ways. Do not overlook the impact of a modification of that process on other processes. Notice that in accordance with one. The objective now is to identify the alternative that serves as the focus of the detailed design stage.

By comparing the results from such economic evaluations. Minimize the mixing of streams with different temperatures. Consider the use of expanders if the power available is greater than kW. Avoid unnecessary heat transfer: When assessing the possibility of improving a particular process. This crucial concept development step requires. See Section 9. Maximize the use of cogeneration of power and process steam or hot water. Let us suppose that appropriate component descriptions and preliminary costing evaluations also have been obtained.

Avoid heat transfer at high temperatures directly to the ambient or cooling water. When assessing the possibility of improving performance. Minimize the use of throttling. Consider state-of-the-art technology. Use efficient pumps. When using combustion. Consider standard equipment whenever possible. For heat exchanger networks. The concept development stage then continues for this alternative until the base-case design provided in Figure 1.

Minimize the use of combustion. Do not heat refrigerated streams with a stream at a temperature above ambient. See Sections 2. Widely used heat exchanger programs stem from the large-scale research efforts of Heat Transfer Research. Software for numerous other types of equipment.

Although not realized uniformly in each instance. Many companies also have developed proprietary software. One respected source of property data is a program developed by the Design Institute for Physical Properties under the auspices of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers.

This section provides a brief overview of computer-aided thermal system design. This configuration is analyzed from the exergy viewpoint in Section 3. The configuration of Figure 1. The extent to which computer-aided thermal design can be applied is limited by the availability of property data in suitable forms.

Libraries of programs are available for designing or rating one of the most common thermal system components: Computer-aided design also relies heavily on suitable process equipment design programs. It combines qualitative knowledge in the form of heuristics with quantitative knowledge in the form of design and cost models. The output of these procedures can be used as part of the input to one of the conventional simulators considered next.

The design guidelines are drawn from the second law of thermodynamics and correspond closely to those listed in Reference 8. In their present states of development such expert systems provide plausible means for synthesizing flow sheets.

This procedure aims at synthesizing a flow sheet starting from a list of components stored in a database. In the sequential-modular approach. Such software has become popular because of its availability for microcomputers at reasonable cost. A knowledge-based approach to flow sheet synthesis of thermal systems with heat-power-chemical transformations is presented in Reference They allow for rapid screening of alternatives and obtaining first estimates of design conditions.

They aim at inventing feasible designs but not necessarily a final design. Spreadsheet software is a less sophisticated but still effective approach for a wide range of applications. This type of application is commonly called Jlowsheeting or process simulation.

With the advent of very high speed computers and rapidly improving software. Another expert system for the design of thermal systems is discussed in Reference Flowsheeting has developed along two lines: The process invention procedure is a hierarchical expert system for the synthesis of process flow sheets for a class of petrochemical processes [ 2 3 ]. Though still in its infancy. Flowsheeting Software Greater success has been achieved thus far in applying computer aids to analysis and parameter optimization than to process synthesis.

Flowsheeting software allows the engineer to model the behavior of a system. The method of thermoeconomics may then provide a better approach.

Vendors should be contacted for up-to-date inlormation concerning the features of flowsheeting software. Optimization deserves a special comment. A brief description of the features of each simulator is given. Most of the more widely used flowsheeting programs: Many of the leading sequential-modular amd equation-solving programs have optimization capabilities. Chapters 8 and 9 present the fundamentals of thermoeconomics. Thermoeconomics aims to facilitate feasibility and optimization studies during the design phase of new systems and process improvement studies of existing systems.

And for complex thermal systems described in terms of a large number of equations. Of these. Conventional optimization procedures may suffice for relatively simple thermal systems. A survey of the capabilities of 15 commercially available process simulators is reported in Reference Knowledge developed via thermoeconomics assists materially in improving system efficiency and reducing the product costs by pinpointing required changes in structure and parameter values.

National Academy Press. New York. Such modeling is often an important element of the concept development stage of design. Conceptual Design of Chemical Processes.

These methods identify the real cost sources at the component level. E Love. The optimization of the design of thermal systems is based on a careful consideration of these cost sources. New York. Nevins and D. Taguchi on Robust Technology Development. Concurrent Design of Products and Processes. These presentations are intended to illuminate the design process by gradually introducing first-level design notions such as degrees of freedom. Elementary models can also highlight key design variables and relations among them.

In some instances. ASME Press. Engineering Design Methods. Designing for Competitive Advantage U.

Thermal design and optimization

Total Design: Integrated Methods for Successful Product Engineering. Improving Engineering Design. Achieving Problem Free Project Management. Avallone and T. Version 3. The Engineering Design Process. A Wealth of Information Online.

Process modeling on spreadsheet. Chemical process simulation. Introductory Management Science. Gtis Turbines and Powes Vol. Could and G.

Least-Cost Electric Utility Planning. Electric Power Research Institute. Van Nostrand Reinhold. Englewood Cliffs. Pa10 Alto. Chemical Engineering Economics. Institution of Chemical Engineers. Peters and K. Computer-aided process engineering: The evolution continues. The use of the second law of thermodyriamics in the design of heat exchangers. Chem Eng. Plant Design and Economics for Chemical Engineers. An autonomous artificial designer of thermal energy systems: Part 1 and Part 2.

Design and functional optimization of thermo-mechanical plants via an interactive expert system.

American Society of Heating. July Ertas and J. Perry and D. A prototype expert system for synthesizing chemical process flow sheets. Tsatsaronis et al. Explain how the inventor presented proof of his or her claims. Using the format listed in Section 1. Also prepare a Gantt chart and budget. Identify the pipe diameter giving the least total cost per year. Obtain federal.

Contact a company regularly doing engineering design work. Who are the customers that should be consulted? How might a design team be set up for this purpose?

What are the health risks associated with these substances? Contact your state environmental protection agency for regulations relating to liquid effluents discharged from industrial plants into lakes.

An engineering college at a large university is considering a major revision of its curricula. For this project. Sketch curves giving qualitatively a the cost for pumping the water. Together with two co-workers you have agreed to refinish the exterior of a two-story family dwelling.

Outline the claims presented in the patent. List five words you often misspell and three grammatical errors you occasionally make in report writing. Repeat using a decision tree approach. Use a decision matrix to evaluate three alternative automobiles. Obtain two vendor quotes for the installed cost of a gas turbine-electric generator system for this application.

Is this claim correct? Design analysis simply refers to the reasoning and evaluations that are a normal adjunct of engineering design. The current presentation is introductory. Later chapters of the book provide further illustrations of modeling and design analysis. Most concepts are discussed only briefly in the belief that this is adequate to spark recall. In Section 2.

If further elaboration is required. The microstructure of matter is studied in kinetic theory and statistical mechanics including quan A premise underlying this presentation is that the reader has had an introduction to engineering thermodynamics and fluid flow. The term model refers here to a description. Fundamentals are surveyed in Sections 2. It addresses the gross characteristics of large aggregations of molecules and not the behavior of individual molecules.

An overbar is used to distinguish an extensive property written on a per mole basis from its value expressed per unit mass. The term phase refers to a quantity of matter that is homogeneous throughout in both chemical composition and physical structure.

When any property of a system changes in value. When an extensive property is reported on a unit mass or a unit mole basis. Pressure and temperature are examples of intensive properties. The defining surface is known as the control surjiace or system boundary. A property is any quantity whose numerical value depends on the state but not the history of the system. The condition of a system at any instant of time is called its state. Normally the system is a specified region that can be separated from everything else by a well-defined surface.

In this book. A system can contain one. Everything external to the system is the surroundings. Phase and Pure Substance. The value of a property is determined in principle by some type of physical operation or test. The control surface may be movable or fixed. A mole is a quantity of substance having a mass numerically equal to its molecular weight.

An extensive property is additive in the sense that its value for the whole system equals the sum of the values for its parts. One kilogram mole. Designating the molecular weight by M and the number of moles by n. A system of fixed mass is referred to as a control mass or as a closed system. Extensive properties depend on the size or extent of the system.

When a system in a given initial state goes through a sequence of processes and finally returns to its initial state. In a thermodynamic analysis. The state at a given instant of time is described by the properties of the system. Intensive properties are independent of the size or extent of the system. Homogeneity in physical structure means that the matter is all solid or all liquid or all vapor or equivalently all gas.

Thermal design and optimization - PDF Free Download

Two states are identical if. When there is flow of mass through the control surface. A pure substance can exist in more than one phase. The definition of an absolute temperature following from the second law is valid over all temperature ranges and provides an essential connection between the several empirical measures of temperature. A pure substance is one that is uniform and invariable in chemical composition.

When a system is isolated. Equilibrium means a condition of balance. Such a scale is called a thermodynamic temperature scale. In thermodynamics the concept includes not only a balance of forces but also a balance of other influences.

When all such changes cease. Each kind of influence refers to a particular aspect of thermodynamic. Chemical equilibrium is also established in terms of chemical potentials. At equilibrium. The establishment of a scale of temperature independent of the working substance is clearly desirable. Thermal equilibrium refers to an equality of temperature.

The familiar mercury-in-glass thermometer relates the variation in length of a mercury column with the variation in temperature. The dependence of temperature measurements on a thermometric substance such as mercury is not satisfactory.

For complete equilibrium the several types of equilibrium must exist individually. As discussed in Section 2. If there are no changes. The system can be said to be at an equilibrium state. Isolate the system from its surroundings and watch for changes in its observable properties. To determine if a system is in thermodynamic ecluilibrium. Using the symbol W to denote work. Energy Energy is a fundamental concept of thermodynamics and one of the most significant aspects of engineering analysis.

Energy can also be transformed from one form to another and transferred between systems. In thermodynamics. Work is done by a system on its surroundings if the sole effect on everything external to the system could have been the raising of a weight.

Work done by a system is considered positive in value. Energy can be stored within systems in various macroscopic forms: The absolute temperature at the triple point of water is fixed by international agreement to be Notice that the raising of a weight is in effect a force acting through a distance. We now organize these ideas into forms suitable for engineering analysis. Work is an effect of one system on another. For closed systems. The total amount of energy is conserved in all transformations and transfers.

The magnitude of the work is measured by the number of standard weights that could have been raised. WO states in terms of the work in an adiabatic process between these states is. That is. One is the change in kinetic energy KE associated with the motion of the system as a whole relative to an external coordinate frame. All other energy changes are lumped together in the internal energy U of the system. In engineering thermodynamics the change in the energy of a system is considered to be made up of three macroscopic contributions.

This property is called energy. The specific energy energy per unit mass is the sum of the specific internal energy u. As the work in an adiabatic process depends on the initial and final states only. Collecting results. A closed system undergoing a process that involves only work in- teractions with its surroundings experiences an adiabatic process.

Only changes in the energy of a system have significance. Like kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy. On the basis of experimental evidence. Since any arbitrary value can be assigned to the energy of a system at a given state 1. The specific internal energy is symbolized by u or U. This postulate. A property related to internal energy u. This expression can be rewritten as U. This means of energy transfer is called an energy transfer by heat.

These methods recognize two basic transfer mechanisms: On the basis of experiment it is known that such an energy transfer is induced only as a result of a temperature difference between the system and its surroundings and occurs only in the direction of decreasing temperature. Closed systems can also interact with their surroundings in a way that cannot be categorized as work. The following sign convention applies: This type of interaction is called a heat interaction.

It follows that heat interactions also involve energy transfer. A fundamental aspect of the energy concept is that energy is conserved. The quantity denoted by Q in Equation 2. Power Cycles. It follows from Equation 2. This less formal approach is commonly used in engineering practice.

A power cycle. Work and heat are not properties. The terms work and heat denote different means whereby energy is transferred and not what is transferred. This equals the net amount of energy received through heat interactions.

Since energy is a property. From experience it is found that power cycles are characterized both by an addition of energy by heat transfer and an inevitable rejection of energy by heat transfer: Wand Q are often referred to simply as work and heat transfer.

Combining the last two equations The thermal efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the ratio of the net work developed to the total energy added by heat transfer: Consider a closed system undergoing a thermodynamic cy- cle. The quantities symbolized by W and Q account for transfers of energy.

Further discussion of heat transfer fundamentals is provided in Chapter 4. A thermal reservoir is a system that always remains at a constant temperature even though energy is added or removed by heat transfer. In other words. The Kelvin-Planck statement refers to the concept of a thermal reservoir. A reservoir is an idealization. A process is said to be reversible if it is possible for its effects to be eradicated in the sense that there is some way by which both the system and its surroundings can be exactly restored to their respective initial states.

The Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law may now be given as follows: It is impossible for any system to operate in a thermodynamic cycle and deliver a net amount of energy by work to its surroundings while receiving energy by heat transfer from a single thermal reservoir. Expressed analytically. The less than sign of Equation 2. Given this fact. Extensive properties of thermal reservoirs.

In every instance where a consequence of the second law has been tested directly or indirectly by experiment it has been verified.

The concept of irreversibilities is considered next. Each of these can be called a statement of the second law or a corollary of the second law: If one is not valid. Among the many alternative statements of the second law. Kelvin-Planck Statement. A process is irreversible if there is no way to undo it.

It might be expected that the importance of this irreversibility diminishes as the temperature difference narrows. These include but are not limited to the following: Heat transfer through a finite temperature difference Unrestrained expansion of a gas or liquid to a lower pressure Spontaneous chemical reaction Mixing of matter at different compositions or states Friction-sliding friction as well as friction in the flow of fluids Electric current flow through a resistance Magnetization or polarization with hysteresis Inelastic deformation - The term irreversibility is used to identify effects such as these.

A system that has undergone an irreversible process is not necessarily precluded from being restored to its initial state. With a Jinite temperature difference between them. As this division depends on the location of the boundary. Internal irreversibilities are those that occur within the system.

When internal irreversibilities are absent during a process. As an illustration. Engineers should be able to recognize irreversibilities. There are many effects whose presence during a process renders it irreversible. Although improved thermodynamic performance can accompany the reduction of irreversibilities.

Irreversibilities can be divided into two classes. The maximum theoretical efficiency for systems undergoing power cycles while communicating thermally with two thermal reservoirs at different temperature levels can be evaluated with reference to the following two corollaries of the second law. Carnot Corollaries. All reversible power cycles operating between the same two thermal reservoirs have the same thermal efficiency.

Corollary 2. The words rev cycle emphasize that this expression applies only to systems undergoing reversible cycles while operating between the two reservoirs. Each of these options clearly have cost implications. From the study of heat transfer we know that the transfer of a finite amount of energy by heat between bodies whose temperatures differ only slightly requires a considerable amount of time. Corollary 1.

A cycle is considered reversible when there are no irreversibilities within the system as it undergoes the cycle and heat transfers between the system and reservoirs occur ideally i. The Carnot corollaries can be demonstrated using the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law [I]. Kelvin Temperature Scale. The thermal efficiency of an irreversible power cycle is always less than the thermal efficiency of a reversible power cycle when each operates between the same two thermal reservoirs.

Using Equation 2. That is where QH is the energy transferred to the system by heat transfer from a hot H on a temperature scale to be defined and Q.

Carnot Corollary 2 suggests that the thermal efficiency of a reversible power cycle operating between two thermal reservoirs depends only on the temperatures of the reservoirs and not on the nature of the substance making up the system executing the cycle or the series of processes. To approach ideality. Primary consideration has been given thus far to the case of systems undergoing cycles while communicating thermally with two reservoirs.

The specification of the Kelvin scale is completed by assigning a numerical value to one standard reference state. As temperatures on the Rankine scale differ from Kelvin temperatures only by the factor 1. In the present discussion a. Download PDF. Recommend Documents. Design sensitivity analysis and optimization of steady fluid-thermal systems. Numerical optimization applied to the thermal design of buildings.

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Tsatsaronis, and M. Tsatsaronis and M. Moran provides a comprehensive and rigorous introduction to thermal system design. Thermal systems are defined as systems that experience significant work with thermal interactions. Very interesting combination of technical and economical analysis for new power plants and facilities. It is difficult to find a more complete book. This is more of a review of the publisher than on the content of the book, which is very good.

However, the publisher really screwed up on every page of the book. Every page has a slanted top which looks really strange when reading. I just noticed it, and it's been more than a month from receiving the book, so I cannot return it.

It's a shame because the content of the book is great, but I the way the book looks is really annoying. With concise integration of thermodynamics and engineering economics, it is an excellent self-study resource for industry professionals.

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